seline;"="" box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; appearance: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 0px; white-space: normal;">次氯酸钠发生器是水处理消毒杀菌设备的一种,该设备以盐水作为原材料,是电解未加碘盐溶液产生次氯酸钠消毒液的专用装置。
seline;"="" box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; appearance: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 0px; white-space: normal;">次氯酸钠消毒最主要的作用方式是通过它的水解形成次氯酸,次氯酸再进一步分解形成新生态氧,新生态氧的很强氧化性使菌体和病毒上的蛋白质等物质变性,从而致死病源微生物。其次,次氯酸在杀菌、杀病毒过程中,不仅可作用于细胞壁、病毒外壳,而且因次氯酸分子小,不带电荷,还可渗透入菌(病毒)体内,与菌(病毒)体蛋白、核酸和酶等有机高分子发生氧化反应,从而杀死病原微生物。再次,次氯酸产生出的氯离子还能显著改变细菌和病毒体的渗透压,使细胞丧失活性而死亡。
seline;"="" box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; appearance: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 0px; white-space: normal;">未加碘盐水溶液中含有Na+ 、H-等几种离子,按照电解理论,当插入电极时,在一定的电压下,电解质溶液由于离子的移动和电极反应,发生导电作用,这时CL-、OH-等负离子向阳极移动,而Na+、H+等正离子向阴极移动,并在相应的电极上发生放电,从而进行氧化还原反应,生产相应的物质。盐水溶液电解过程可用下列反应方程式表示:
seline;"="" box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; appearance: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 0px; white-space: normal;">NaCl=Na++Cl-
seline;"="" box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; appearance: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 0px; white-space: normal;">阳极电解作用:H2O=H+OH-2Cl-2e—→Cl2↑
seline;"="" box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; appearance: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 0px; white-space: normal;">阴极电解作用:2H-+2e—一H2↑
seline;"="" box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; appearance: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 0px; white-space: normal;">在无隔膜电解装置中,电解质和电解生成物H2众溶液里向外逸出之外,其它均在一个电解槽内,由于H2在外逸过程中对溶液起到一定的搅拌作用,使两极间的电解生成物发生一系列的化学反应。反应方程式如下:
seline;"="" box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; appearance: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 0px; white-space: normal;">2NaCl+2H2O=通电=2NaOH+H2↑+Cl2↑2NaOH+Cl2=NaCl+NaClO+H2O
seline;"="" box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; appearance: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 0px; white-space: normal;">在无隔膜电解盐水,溶液的总方程式即为上列两个反应式相加得。
seline;"="" box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; appearance: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 0px; white-space: normal;">NaCl+H2O+2F→NaClO+H2↑ 其中:F为法拉第电解常数,其值为26.8安培小时,或96487库伦。
seline;"="" box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; appearance: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 0px; white-space: normal;">次氯酸钠主要用于漂白、工业废水处理、造纸、纺织、制药、精细化工、卫生消毒等众多领域。